Few Physics questions.

Q.
Are there waves which travel faster than light?

Q.
Are there clock not affected by relativity ?

Q.
Is Time an electromagnetic effect? Becaz it all depend on EM waves. And humans can't feel anything except electromagnetic effect.

Q.
Is gravity also a part of electromagnetism, as the speed of gravitational waves is same as the EM waves?

Can frictional force accelerate a stationary object as it deaccelerate?

If we can design an object with such a surface full of black and white stripe.....
Then it will get more force on one side.

Think ourself.

Yes its possible.

Is our universe loosing energy?

I think yes.
At the boundary of our universe we are radiating lots of energy into nothing, i.e. outside our universe. This radiated energy will never come back.

Tidal energy. What will happen if we keep using tidal energy for very long? Moon will move away or will come close?

Will high Vx will change Vy? Can we change velocity in a direction without applying force in that direction?

I guess Yes.

as very high Vx will increase V, so will the mass be increased, becaz of relativity, so to keep Py constant Vy have to reduce as we know momentum is =M.V.

Can a charge apply force on itself?

I think Yes.

As we know two charges interact using photons. Photos is em wave and travel at speed of light.
But em wave travel aat different speed in different medium.
So we can plan a system such that the em wave will travel through the medium at a speed slower than the speed of light and the charge will travel outside the medium at higher speed. And the charge will interect with its own photon and will feel force.

Is it possible?

What is spark?

Sparks are the bright glows due to tiny masses of matter heated to extremely high temperature. It could be a small amount of air in between two electrodes held at high enough electrical potential difference so as to heat it by the current, it could be flying mass of specks of metal particles in a sparkler heated by chemical burning, it could be a flying splinter resulting from the striking of two metallic bodies against each other, or it could be a small sized particle separated from a large body of stone locally heated by friction with another object. In all these cases and more, one observes a flying spark glowing bright.

# 1. Let's start Physics! (how to study it)

# 1. Let's start Physics! (how to study it)

Battery/Cell explained simply : Chemical Energy driven charge pump.

Battery explained simply : Chemical Energy driven charge pump.

Description :
We can say battery is a charge pump which takes energy from the chemical energy of its constituents materials.
It pumps + ve charge from the -ve sphere to + sphere.
When the extranal circuit is not complete the pump stops and do no work.
When the external circuit is complete the + charge start moving from + sphere to -ve sphere and the pump also starts pumping more charge. Now it takes energy from the chemical energy of its contituents. As time passes the chemical enegry will keep reducing.
After sufficient time the energy will not be sufficient to run the pump and full rate or not run at all.
Then we say the battery is dead.

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Rank The applied force (Highest magnitude first), time of contact is same in both the case.

1. Ball collided with wall and got bounced back.

2. Ball collided with the wall and got stuck there.

Can we keep protons and neutrons inside nucleus without any nuclear force? How will you overcome such strong electrostatic repulsive force?

I think we can. Find out how?


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Why are we happy or sad? What determine our present state of mind? What will determine our future? How can we stay happy?

Why are we happy or sad? What determine our present state of mind? 

We are happy or sad it depends entirely upon our past.
Present is just a result of what has happened in past.

And our present depends maximum on our past decisions & actions.
Its dependency on other things is inversely proportional to their distance from us.
And after certain distance it don't depend at all upon others.

So choose your friends and love wisely.

What will determine our future?

So what we do now will determine our future.

How can we stay happy?

See we are all made of Matter (elementry particles)  and Enegry (Potential energey).
I think happiness is something like potential enegry in Physics.
When we are more happy we have more energy.
It follows the conservation law and Newton's 3rd law.
And I interpret it as whatever you give you will receive back.
So if you give 'X'  amount of happiness to others you will receive 'X' amount back. May not be exact amount from the individuals but your total should be same i.e. 'X'.
So just give happiness to others.

These are my approximate understanding of happiness using Physics laws, I may be wrong also, I am a Physicist not a Psychologist.

Electric Field Lines & Equipotential (Electric Potential) Surfaces.

● Electric field lines help us visualize the direction and
magnitude of electric fields. The electric field vector at any
point is tangent to the field line through that point. The density
of field lines in that region is proportional to the magnitude of
the electric field there. Thus, closer field lines represent a
stronger field.
● Electric field lines originate on positive charges and
terminate on negative charges. So, a field line extending from
a positive charge must end on a negative charge.

E=F/q

Equipotential Surfaces

Adjacent points that have the same electric potential form an equipotential 

surface, which can be either an imaginary surface or a real, physical surface. No net work W is done on a charged particle by an electric field when the particle moves between two points i and f on the same equipotential surface.

Electric Field Lines are perpendicular to Equipotential Surface.

Fundamental Forces and their Range.

What is Electric potential (also called the electric field potential or the electrostatic potential) ?

An electric potential (also called the electric field potential or the electrostatic potential) is the amount of electric potential energy that a unitary point electric charge would have if located at any point in space, and is equal:

• to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of positive charge 
• from the arbitrarily chosen reference point (usually infinity) to that point
• without any acceleration
• without changing the system of charge which is producing this electric field.

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HOW TO BRING DOWN THE MOON TO EARTH? Calculate the amount of electrons in KG we need to transfer to Moon from the Earth?

HOW TO BRING DOWN THE MOON TO EARTH? Calculate the amount of electrons in KG we need to transfer to Moon from the Earth?

If we transfer 320 KG of electrons from the earth to moon the Earth will become positive charged and moon negative charged.

Both will have a charge of
5.6 x 10 ^ 13 C each.

Both will attract each other with twice their original force. 

Is it sufficient to bring down the moon to earth?

What are consequences of such a small amount of mass transfer?

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WHAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL UNITS/PHYSICAL QUANTITY IN PHYSICS?

WHAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL UNITS/PHYSICAL QUANTITY IN PHYSICS?

The minimum set of units/physical quantity which are required to produce all other units/physical quantity are called "FUNDAMENTAL UNITS/PHYSICAL QUANTITY".

It includes:

1. LENGTH-                                                                               FOR SPACE
2. MASS-                             FOR MASS RELATED PROPERTY OF MATTER 
3. TIME-                                                                                      FOR CHANGE
4. TEMPERATURE -                         FOR INTERNAL ENERGY OF MATTER
5. LUMINOUS INTENSITY-                  FOR QUANTITY OF VISIBLE LIGHT
6. AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE -                                FOR NOS OF ANY OBJECT
7. ELECTRIC CURRENT-    FOR CHARGE RELATED PROPERTY OF MATTER

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WHAT IS BIOLOGY?

WHAT IS BIOLOGY?

Quantum Electrodynamic Engineering  of Atoms.

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WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

Electromagnetic Engineering  of Atoms.

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IIT JEE MAIN 2016 PHYSICS SOLUTION

QUESTION SET -E 

Q.1 ?

ANS - 2

ANS - 3

ANS -4

ANS-1

ANS-4

 ANS - 1

Q.8 [2]

Q.9 [1] 

ANS - 4

Q.11 [3]

Q.12 [1]

ANS-3

Q.14 [3]

Q.15 [4] 

4

4

1

ANS - 3

3

Q.21 [1] 

ANS - 4

Q.23 [3] 

Q.24 [1] 

Q.25 [2] 

Q.26 [4]

Q.27 [1] 

Q.28 [1] 

Q.29 [1]

Q.30 - 2

Newton's Laws for Rotation.

1st Law : The rotational principle of inertia:
The rotational principle of inertia: In the absence of a net applied torque, the angular velocity remains unchanged.

2nd Law: The rate of change of Angular Momentum:

τ = I α

This is not as general a relationship as the linear one because the moment of inertia, I, is not strictly a scalar quantity. The rotational equation is limited to rotation about a single principal axis, which in simple cases is an axis of symmetry.

3rd Law: Reaction Torque:

For every applied torque, there is an equal and opposite reaction torque. (A result of Newton's 3^rd law of linear motion.)

If we can somehow cheat any of these laws we can have perpetual machines requiring no energy inputs.

What are The Best Institutions for Higher Education in India?

All Institute of National Importance are Best Place for Higher education in India.

Institute of National Importance (INI) is a status that may be conferred to a public higher education institution in India by an act of parliament, an institution which "serves as a pivotal player in developing highly skilled personnel within the specified region of the country/state". INIs receive special recognition and funding. As of 23 April 2015 the Ministry of Human Resource Development has listed 74 institutions under this category.^[1] AllNational Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Technology, School of Planning and Architecture, Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research and All India Institute of Medical Sciences are considered Institutes of National Importance.

Visit Wikipedia for further detail.

Please note there are also Institute which are not in this list but they also very good e.g.

• TIFR Mumbai
• IISC Banglore
• All the IIMs

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1. Who rules the Universe? 2. What is the Ultimate Question? 3. Who is Zaphod Beeblebrox?

Q.1. Who rules the Universe? Q.2. What is the Ultimate Question? Q.3. Who is Zaphod Beeblebrox?

Well I will not answer the Question 1 & 2 right now but maybe later.

Zaphod Beeblebrox was once the President of Our Galaxy, Milkyway.
He delivered his duty as President very diligently otherwise he was very irresponsible.
He also discovered Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster.
Want to know more about him, Then Read "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy".

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Good Physics Books for IITJEE

Hi Folks!

Let me tell me you about the importance of reading only good books and nothing else.

What is a Good book?
Good books have a theme in them, they are like watching a TV series, each chapter is related to other chapters. They are written by a person of vast knowledge and interest.
Good books give real knowledge, comfort and are interesting.


What is bad book?
Bad books are written by people of shallow knowledge Or by too many uncoordinated people. The are mostly copy of Various good books.
Bad books cause nothing more than confusion and distress and are boring.

What is Average Book?
In between the two.


So read only good books and nothing else.

Let me suggest some of the good books :

Physics :
1.
Fundamentals of Physics , By:  Halliday, Resnick and Walker

My comments on this :
I have read it when I prepared for IITJEE in 2002, I say no other book can replace it.
Very good for theory and concepts.
Fairly good for 50% of IITJEE Questions.
You don't have to do its all the Numerical problems given at the end, you skip 50-70% easily, without any harm.

2.
For difficult numerical try to solve only 50 % of Irodov Problems in Physics, even if you see the solutions and understood, it will help a lot.
The best part of Irodov is that it deals with Characters instead of numerical values, so you are doing lots of theorems.

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Newton's Third Law Exceptions? Acceleration without any external force?

There are many exceptions to Newton third Law in classical sense.

The best example is Force due magnetic field of a moving charged particle.

Here net F 1 ≠ F 2.

Also note that The center of mass of the system is also accelerating even net external force is zero.

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How Gravitational waves are discovered? How does LIGO operate? Simple Answer.

Gravitational waves are discovered using very very sensitive interferometer called LIGO.

LIGO means: Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory.

Its operation is similar to Famous Michealson-Morley experiment.

First, an interference pattern is observed without Gravitational wave, then if there is any change in the interference pattern a gravitational wave is suspected to pass through.

It can be easily understood by these two diagrams:

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Can / Should I become a Scientist?

First of all, let's define A Scientist.

As per Wikipedia : "A scientist is a person engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge. In a more restricted sense, a scientist may refer to an individual who uses the scientific method.^[1] The person may be an expert in one or more areas of science."

As per me " A Scientist is a person who sees Science everywhere, who finds logical 

reasoning behind all phenomenon. A scientist just enjoy  science. He has a compelling habit 

of finding the most satisfactory answer to all the phenomenon. He will discover or re-

discover many important things on his own."


Now the question : Can / Should I become a Scientist?

If you have the above quality I think you must and you will become a scientist, even you 

may choose different career initially but science will be your final job. So have your option 

open to study Science up-to highest level in future.

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Do Electrons Really Spin?

Morton Tavel, a professor of physics at Vassar College, responds:

"When certain elementary particles move through a magnetic field, they are deflected in a manner that suggests they have the properties of little magnets. In the classical world, a charged, spinning object has magnetic properties that are very much like those exhibited by these elementary particles. Physicists love analogies, so they described the elementary particles too in terms of their 'spin.'

"Unfortunately, the analogy breaks down, and we have come to realize that it is misleading to conjure up an image of the electron as a small spinning object. Instead we have learned simply to accept the observed fact that the electron is deflected by magnetic fields. If one insists on the image of a spinning object, then real paradoxes arise; unlike a tossed softball, for instance, the spin of an electron never changes, and it has only two possible orientations. In addition, the very notion that electrons and protons are solid 'objects' that can 'rotate' in space is itself difficult to sustain, given what we know about the rules of quantum mechanics. The term 'spin,' however, still remains."

Kurt T. Bachmann of Birmingham-Southern College adds some historical background and other details:

"Starting in the 1920s, Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach of the University of Hamburg in Germany conducted a series of important atomic beam experiments. Knowing that all moving charges produce magnetic fields, they proposed to measure the magnetic fields produced by the electrons orbiting nuclei in atoms. Much to their surprise, however, the two physicists found that electrons themselves act as if they are spinning very rapidly, producing tiny magnetic fields independent of those from their orbital motions. Soon the terminology 'spin' was used to describe this apparent rotation of subatomic particles.

"Spin is a bizarre physical quantity. It is analogous to the spin of a planet in that it gives a particle angular momentum and a tiny magnetic field called a magnetic moment. Based on the known sizes of subatomic particles, however, the surfaces of charged particles would have to be moving faster than the speed of light in order to produce the measured magnetic moments. Furthermore, spin is quantized, meaning that only certain discrete spins are allowed. This situation creates all sorts of complications that make spin one of the more challenging aspects of quantum mechanics.

"In a broader sense, spin is an essential property influencing the ordering of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules, giving it great physical significance in chemistry and solid-state physics. Spin is likewise an essential consideration in all interactions among subatomic particles, whether in high-energy particle beams, low-temperature fluids or the tenuous flow of particles from the sun known as the solar wind. Indeed, many if not most physical processes, ranging from the smallest nuclear scales to the largest astrophysical distances, depend greatly on interactions of subatomic particles and the spins of those particles."

Victor J. Stenger, professor of physics at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, offers another, more technical perspective:

"Spin is the total angular momentum, or intrinsic angular momentum, of a body. The spins of elementary particles are analogous to the spins of macroscopic bodies. In fact, the spin of a planet is the sum of the spins and the orbital angular momenta of all its elementary particles. So are the spins of other composite objects such as atoms, atomic nuclei and protons (which are made of quarks).

"In classical physics, angular momentum is a continuous variable. In quantum mechanics, angular momenta are discrete, quantized in units of Planck's constant divided by 4 pi. Niels Bohr proposed that angular momentum is quantized in 1913 and used this to explain the line spectrum of hydrogen.

"At our current level of understanding, the elementary particles are quarks, leptons (such as the electron) and bosons (such as the photon). These particles are all imagined as pointlike, so you might wonder how they can have spins. A simple answer might be, perhaps they are composite, too. But deep theoretical reasons having to do with the rotational symmetry of nature lead to the existence of spins for elementary objects and to their quantization. Of particular significance is the difference between fermions, particles that, like the electron, have half-integer spins (half-integer multiples of Planck's constant divided by 2 pi), and bosons, particles that have integer spins. Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that two identical fermions cannot exist in the same state; without the Pauli exclusion principle, chemistry would have no Periodic Table. Bosons, on the other hand, tend to congregate in the same state, leading to phenomena such as superconductivity and Bose-Einstein condensation.

"Spin has served as the prototype for other, even more abstract notions that seem to have the mathematical properties of angular momentum but do not have a simple classical analogue. For example, isotopic spin is used in nuclear physics to represent the two states of a 'nucleon,' the proton and neutron. Similarly, quarks are paired as isospin 'up' and 'down,' which are the names given to the two quarks that make up ordinary matter. The rotational symmetry of space and time is generalized to include symmetries in more abstract 'inner' dimensions, with the result that much of the complex structure of the microworld can be seen as resulting from symmetry breaking, connecting profoundly to ideas describing the spontaneous formation of structure in the macroworld.

WHAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER ?

FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER ????????????????

Ans.

First of all what is matter?

Something that have Mass & Occupy space. A Shadow is not matter even we can see shadow.
Light is not matter.
Matter itself is made of very very small particles we call the atoms.
And even atoms are made of more smaller particles called: ELECTRONS, PROTONS, NEUTRONS.
And even PROTONS & NEUTRONS are made of QUARKS.
So the smallest particles the matter is made of are : ELECTRONS & QUARKS.
But for our present question we can take ELECTRON, PROTONS & NEUTRONS.

These smallest particles have some intrinsic properties which are the specific characteristics of the particular particle. e.g. MASS, SIZE, SHAPE, CHARGE....
There are few more.

These intrinsic properties are called the fundamental properties of matter or FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE.

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Top Physics Questions.

Top Physics Questions.

These are the questions I found most interesting in Physics:

1. What was there before Big-Bang?
2. What caused Big-Bang?
3. Is The Universe Infinite?
4. What is the Phenomena behind Quantum Entanglement?
5. What is Time?
6. Can we understand the Reason behind the Uncertainty Principle?
7. Can we modify Physics Laws?
8. What is Life?

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WHAT IS WHAT IN PHYSICS BLOG.

This is my another blog purely dedicated to Physics.

 CLICK HERE to visit this blog.
It's funny and it start from the very basics of Physics.

Q. HOW MANY FORMS OF ENERGY?

Q. HOW MANY FORMS OF ENERGY ARE THERE?

ANS. I think there are only 4 forms of energy type at fundamental level, as described below:

1. Relativistic Mass & Kinetic Energy : Which is sum of Kinetic Energy and Rest mass energy.
  So Relativistic Energy = K.E.+ Rest Mass Energy =  1/2 x m₀v² + m₀c²
                                               = mc<sup>2

It is also given by</sup>  

2. Potential Energy : Which is due to interaction of a particle with other particles or fields.
  There are various types of potential energies, e.g. Gravitational, Electromagnetic, Nuclear etc.

3. Dark Energy : Which is as the name suggest we are not able to understand at all. We don't know what is its nature, what is its source, how it convert from one form to other forms. Only thing that we know about the Dark Energy is that, it is there. Whenever we see a change in total energy of a system without any reason it may be due to Dark Energy being converted to other known forms of energy or vice-versa. E.g. Our universe is accelerating, means our K.E. is increasing and we are not able to explain it pointing towards Dark Energy.

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Facebook Groups for "Study in USA".

Please join the below Public group on Facebook and share the knowledge :

1.  SAT TEST INDIA

2.  STUDY IN USA (INDIAN STUDENTS)

3.  AP (ADVANCED PLACEMENT) TEST, INDIA

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Who should study in US Universities?

The average fee of US universities is very high, 10-20 Lacs Rs./Year.
I would recommend US Univerisity for the following category:

• For those whose parents can afford paying 10-20 Lacs/Year
• For students who can get scholarship

US universities are good for the following courses:

• Courses in Pure Science
• Arts, Commerce and Law
• Management courses

Note : If you can get admission in IITs/NITs or Good medical colleges I will not recommend 

to go to US Universities even IITs are ranked very low in Top Universities, becaz in IIT you will be 

studying with the very intellectual group of students.

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What is ACT test ?

The ACT® (American College Testing Assessment) is paper based standardized test which can be given instead of the SAT® for admission in the United States for undergraduate studies. The ACT® is based on the curriculum studied in high school. General Overview: The ACT® is 3 hours and 30 minutes long and tests the student in four subject areas: English, Reading, Math, Science Reasoning, Writing (optional). In India, the ACT® is conducted 5 times a year in February, April, June, October and December. Scoring for the ACT® is on a scale of 1-36 and includes 215 multiple choice questions on the subject areas.  Registration for the ACT® requires a valid passport, an exam fee of US $33 (without writing) or US $ 48 (with writing). Registration can be done on: www.actstudent.org

The Content:

English: It is a 45-minute section with 75 questions. The English section includes five passages that are followed by multiple-choice questions. The test measures grammar usage, sentence structure, punctuation and overall correct use of English language.  Math:It is a 60-minute section with 60 questions. In this section, students are tested in basic arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, etc through multiple-choice questions that require you to use reasoning skills to solve practical problems in mathematics. You are allowed to use certain calculators on the test.  Reading: It is a 35-minute section with 40 questions. It includes four passages on topics like the natural and social sciences, psychology, history, etc. These passages are followed by multiple-choice question thatmeasure the complementary and supportive skills that readers must use in studying written materials across a range of subject areas. The section measures the test taker’s ability to understand what is directly stated and decipher statements with implied meanings.  Science: It is a 35-minute section with 40 questions. The section includes seven passages containing questions on data presentation. It also includes experimental studies and their results, and different theories or hypotheses relating to specific scientific concepts. The test measures the skills required in the natural sciences: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, reasoning, and problem solving.  Writing (optional): It is a 30 minute section that consists of a writing prompt that briefly states an issue and describes two points of view on that issue.You are asked to respond to a question about your position on the issue described in the writing prompt. In doing so, you may adopt one or the other of the perspectives described in the prompt, or you may present a different point of view on the issue.The section measures your writing and analytical abilities.

Other information:

To check where the ACT® is administered in your city, visit the official search page.  For further information visit: http://www.actstudent.org

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What is SAT subject Test ?

The SAT® Subject Tests (Scholastic Aptitude Test II) are completely different from the SAT® reasoning test. Strong SAT® Subject scores strengthen your application and complement the SAT® reasoning score. It shows colleges and universities that you excel in certain subjects. SAT® subject test is a one-hour timed test focused on a specific subject. There are 20 SAT® Subject Tests in five general subject areas: English, History, Languages, Mathematics and Science.  The test is administered six times a year in India and may be attempted more than once. Language Tests with listening are offered once a year, in November only. Different schools have different SAT® score requirements. Your scores better your chances of getting admission into a particular U.S. university. Registration for the SAT® requires a valid passport and can be done on www.collegeboard.org.

The Content: At KIC, SAT® Subject test coaching is offered in:

Mathematics Level 1:

Mathematics Level 1 is a test measured on a scale of 200 – 800. It is 60 minutes long with 50 multiple-choice questions. The questions test a student's ability and skills on topics like number and operations, algebra and functions, geometry and measurement, three-dimensional problems, trigonometry, data analysis, etc.

Mathematics Level 2:

Mathematics Level 2 is a test measured on a scale of 200 – 800. It is 60 minutes long with 50 multiple-choice questions. The questions test a student's ability and skills on topics like number and operations, algebra and functions, geometry and measurement, three-dimensional problems, trigonometry, data analysis, etc just like Mathematics Level 1 test. However, if you have studied trigonometry or precalculus or both in the recent past and are more comfortable using a scientific or graphical calculator, it is advised you take Mathematics Level 2 test. It is also important to consider what your college and course demands.

Biology E/M:

Biological E (Ecological) and Biology M (Molecular) are both measured on a scale of 200-800. They are both 60 minutes long with 80 multiple choice questions each. If one is better at answering questions in areas of biological communities, populations and energy flow, he/she should take Biology E. If one is better at answering questions in areas of biochemistry, cellular structure and processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis, he/she should take Biology M.

Chemistry:

Chemistry Subject test is measured on a scale of 200-800. It is a 60 minutes long exam with 85 multiple choice questions. It tests a student's knowledge in areas of general chemistry like states of matter, descriptive chemistry, stoichiometry, thermochemistry, equilibrium and reaction rates, etc.

Physics:

Physics Subject test is measured on a scale of 200-800. It is a 60 minutes long exam with 75 multiple choice questions. It measures a student's ability to apply physical concepts to solve scientific questions. It also tests a student's knowledge in metric system of units. It includes questions based on electricity and magnetism, mechanics, modern physics, laboratory skills, etc.

Other Information:

To check where the SAT® is administered in your city, visit the Collegeboard test center page  For information on other SAT® Subject tests and for further information visit: www.collegeboard.org.

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