How Gravitational waves are discovered? How does LIGO operate? Simple Answer.

Gravitational waves are discovered using very very sensitive interferometer called LIGO.

LIGO means: Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory.

Its operation is similar to Famous Michealson-Morley experiment.

First, an interference pattern is observed without Gravitational wave, then if there is any change in the interference pattern a gravitational wave is suspected to pass through.

It can be easily understood by these two diagrams:

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